The Pound Sterling (GBP) faces immense pressure as investors eye the monetary policy of the Bank of England (BoE). The GBP/USD pair struggles to gauge direction as investors worry about deepening recession fears due to aggressive policy-tightening by the United Kingdom’s central bank. To tame stubborn inflation, the BoE is expected to raise interest rates for the fourteenth time in a row.
The Bank of England has already raised interest rates to 5%, and a fresh interest rate hike of 25 basis points (bps) is expected to build more pressure on inflation. Labor shortages and higher food prices have remained major contributors to sticky UK inflation. BoE policymakers are also expected to consider a 50 bps interest rate hike as inflationary pressures in the UK economy are the highest compared to other G7 economies.
Pound Sterling remains back-and-forth below the round-level resistance of 1.2900 as investors shift their focus toward the interest rate decision by the Bank of England. The Cable aims for a firm footing after correcting to near the 20-day Exponential Moving Average around 1.2860. The major trades in a Rising Channel chart pattern and it can discover support after testing the lower portion of the trade pattern.
The Bank of England (BoE) decides monetary policy for the United Kingdom. Its primary goal is to achieve ‘price stability’, or a steady inflation rate of 2%. Its tool for achieving this is via the adjustment of base lending rates. The BoE sets the rate at which it lends to commercial banks and banks lend to each other, determining the level of interest rates in the economy overall. This also impacts the value of the Pound Sterling (GBP).
When inflation is above the Bank of England’s target it responds by raising interest rates, making it more expensive for people and businesses to access credit. This is positive for the Pound Sterling because higher interest rates make the UK a more attractive place for global investors to park their money. When inflation falls below target, it is a sign economic growth is slowing, and the BoE will consider lowering interest rates to cheapen credit in the hope businesses will borrow to invest in growth-generating projects – a negative for the Pound Sterling.
In extreme situations, the Bank of England can enact a policy called Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the BoE substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. QE is a last resort policy when lowering interest rates will not achieve the necessary result. The process of QE involves the BoE printing money to buy assets – usually government or AAA-rated corporate bonds – from banks and other financial institutions. QE usually results in a weaker Pound Sterling.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse of QE, enacted when the economy is strengthening and inflation starts rising. Whilst in QE the Bank of England (BoE) purchases government and corporate bonds from financial institutions to encourage them to lend; in QT, the BoE stops buying more bonds, and stops reinvesting the principal maturing on the bonds it already holds. It is usually positive for the Pound Sterling.